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Artificial intelligence is becoming more prevalent across diverse disciplines, and aerial vehicles are increasingly becoming "Unmanned”. It is beneficial when residents might otherwise be in danger, such as during COVID-19 medicine delivery, gathering information about the enemy, or using it in agriculture. This study aims to provide a scientometric assessment of the latest research centres, patterns, and global reach of UAVs from 2007 to 2022. The study uses bibliographic information downloaded in CSV format from Scopus to examine the in-depth visualization of the index item's properties. In addition to examining article expansion, field classifications, global dispersion, citation analysis, and the impact of the institutions and writers, the study examines UAV applications distributed throughout the world. To analyse term co-occurrence, we use a Java-based program called VOSviewer, which lists hubs and the latest innovations in UAV research. © Author (s) 2023.
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The paper documents the hedging and safe haven benefits of green bonds in equities using the dynamic conditional correlation approach. Green bonds act as a strong hedge for eleven stock sectors in the USA. Additionally, they demonstrate a strong safe haven property with high-emission sectors for the entire study period and with all sectors except financials during the COVID-19 period. Interestingly, this hedging and safe haven benefit of green bonds is agnostic of the environmental disclosure score of a firm. Hence, investors can add green bonds to hedge their equity portfolios regardless of the environmental consciousness of their portfolio firms. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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Given the skyrocketing returns earned by bitcoin, it has received widespread attention as an investment asset. The shocks experienced by stock and bond markets over time and especially during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an evaluation of bitcoin as a wealth protection asset, a role that gold has played until now. The current paper tests the hedging and safe haven properties of bitcoin in a broad portfolio of both developed and emerging markets stocks, bonds and real estate over a period of 10 years and during COVID-19 pandemic. Using a DCC-GARCH method, the study finds weak hedge and safe haven benefits of bitcoin. The results of the study establish that there is still a long way to go before bitcoin displays a strong safe haven behavior. However, there is a need for portfolio managers to become more cognizant about bitcoin given its potential to protect their portfolios.
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COVID-19 has brought lives to a standstill. Business and educational institutions all over the world have adopted the “remote learning” strategy so that there are no interruptions in business or education. There are a good majority of female teachers in India and majorly everyone is facing problems while teaching online. During this pandemic, when the workload of almost all other sectors decreased significantly, the education sector is the one that has been working full time. With immense pressure from the institute and an increase in working hours, teachers are juggling between their professional and personal life resulting in the problem of a time crunch in their personal lives. This paper discusses the issues being faced by teachers during the pandemic time with special reference to teachers having children of different ages. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Bitcoin investment gained great research interest, especially after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a period marked by huge volatility in this asset class. This study investigated Bitcoin’s persistence and hedging properties in the pre-COVID era to establish its efficiency and safety by testing relevant data. We evaluated the role of persistence in Bitcoin trading to highlight its efficiency. The GPH estimator and ARFIMA were used to map the evolving efficiency of the Bitcoin price. Our analysis of intra-day data exhibited the presence of an anti-persistence effect, following the popular conclusion of momentum and speculative trading in the Bitcoin market. The second section of this study evaluated whether Bitcoin played the role of a hedge and an asset of protection in a global portfolio manager’s portfolio during extreme market volatility. Using the Threshold GARCH (TGARCH), we evaluated the trading correlation between Bitcoin prices and four major indices, namely S & P 500, FTSE, Hang Seng, and Nikkei, on daily and weekly data. We identified the time-varying hedge and safety properties of Bitcoin: Volatility, speculation, less-traded history, and lack of regulatory infrastructure. Our findings added to the literature by testing the efficiency of Bitcoin in major developed economies using returns of high-frequency data, along with daily returns. We also considered extreme movements in the currency to check its hedging and protection properties in a portfolio of developed market stocks. We recommended that investors be cautious when combining this currency with different stock markets based on our findings. © 2022, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Four-dimensional (4D) printing has received an amplified consideration in the research community for fabrication and manufacturing in industry, medical field, and smart flood management. Disruptive technologies such as Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and 4D printing are highly recommended during disaster management activities. The 4D printing technology is an evolving field that is an advancement of three-dimensional printing technologies in which the materials are programmed to change shape over time responding to external stimulus without human intervention, thereby adding a fourth dimension. The technology had a great impact during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and flood management activities. This paper, with the aim of a scientometric review, recognizes the recent research hotspots, trends, and worldwide scope of 4D printing for the period of 2007-2021. The bibliographic data fetched from the Scopus in comma-separated values format is used in the study for extracting the masked information by discussing the in-depth visualization of the attributes of the index documents. The study examines the growth of publications, subject categorizations, global distributions, citation analysis, and the influence of the institutions and authors using the bibliographic data. VOSviewer, a java-based tool, is used to study the keyword co-occurrence, which yields hotspots and emerging trends in the various applications of 4D printing, including smart flood management. This study provides the implementation, latest trends, and universal research topography over the past decade, which assists to recognize primitive research and also provides supervision for the upcoming research.
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The application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has grown widely in today’s world. Even with the coming of IoT, WSN has not diminished but in fact it has hugely benefited by this new technology. Nowadays, IT giants like Microsoft have come up with WSN and IoT applications. The scope of WSN has grown from merely being a research topic, to being the basis of several missions and life-critical systems such as health monitoring system, security system for border control, smart city surveillance system, and industrial drill temperature monitoring system (oil wells). For mission-critical systems where the WSN nodes are mobile, there is an additional need for localizing the nodes accurately without overheads. Over the decades, much work has been done to crack the issue;however, scope still remains. Recent COVID-19 has thrown unprecedented challenges on human survival. Primary education givers have also been rattled, as parents are apprehensive of sending their small children to schools, as young children are unable to themselves tell their givers if they feel unwell. In order to provide reassurance to the parents, we propose to build mobile WSN system, which would involve the children wearing WSN-based bands, which shall capture their health-related data, while they are inside the same premises of their schools and send it for further real-time processing to IoT-based cloud environment, so that the health of a student can be monitored live, and the data sent to parents for their comfort. Such a system would require mobile WSN-based localization algorithm, which would in minimum time period fulfill the goal. This paper proposes a data mobile WSN which uses nature-inspired algorithm to localize the nodes correctly using MVCRSA (Multi-verse Crow search algorithm for localization, which has through simulation provided successful results). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Online media plays a vital role in defining the future of tomorrow. Almost every field in the present-day is dependent on technology and online media either for procuring better outputs or for the satisfaction of end clients. In this paper, the authors have tried to bring out the various factors that led to the shift of the majority of individuals to online media, briefly discussing its impact on the economy and social factors. It leverages the facts of how the offline media got impacted not only during the days of the novel coronavirus but before as well. It has been plausibly displayed that fake word gets out quicker and more considerably than authentic news utilizing online media. A boost toward the use of E-platforms has predominantly been taken a closer look at in the middle sections of the paper. Further, the exploratory analysis fore- casts the number of online media users by 2031 and presents inquisitive visualizations on the study of various websites during, before, and after the pandemic in the later sections of the paper. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Covid-19 Vaccinations are playing a key role in keeping people safe from Coronavirus. India commenced its largest Covid-19 vaccination drive in January 2021. In response to the pandemic, the government implemented lockdowns across the country, causing the economy to stall. There was an urgent need to analyze the situation and come to a conclusion so that appropriate measures could be taken. This study analyzed the major role of the Covid-19 vaccination drive and also the economy using big data analytics and how these methodologies can be better utilized to examine the statistical properties of data, and also try to forecast a future prediction of the GDP of India using exponential smoothing and visualization tools. The authors portray the role of CoWIN, and Aarogya Setu, which use an approach of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) in implementing a smooth vaccination process in a country with a population of 1.3 billion. © 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
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Background: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), a highly contagious ssRNA +ve sense virus that emerged in late 2019, has created a global panic. With no effective therapy available, the virus has significantly affected the world population causing millions of death. Therefore, it is the utmost need to look towards all the possible strategies to benefit the community. Objectives: In view of the current global pandemic, we tried to discuss the potential benefits of two cost-effective alternative approaches, i.e., physical exercise and yoga. Methods: The editorial is based on a literature search available on PubMed, Google Scholar, and WHO portal. Search terminologies include "yoga," "physical exercise," "COVID-19," "viral infections," and a combination of these words. Results: A literature search defines yoga and physical exercise efficacy in different viral diseases, including HIV, influenza, and HSV. It ameliorates the Quality of Life (QoL) by improving both the physical and mental well-being of an individual. This is mainly done by promoting the better functioning of the immune system (increases CD4+ and CD8+ cells and reduces pro-inflammatory response). Conclusions: Regular involvement of these activities in day-to-day life may limit latent virus reactivations and reduce infection chances.
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Purpose Concern about the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in COVID-19 have been raised. The viral point of entry is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 receptor and it has been speculated that some NSAIDs, in particular ibuprofen, may upregulate ACE2 receptors and that NSAIDs may also have certain immunosuppressive effects. Two specific questions have been raised: do NSAIDs increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 and, in infected persons, do NSAIDs worsen outcomes? While NSAIDs represent a well-known drug class, there are considerable variations among NSAIDs, such as selective and nonselective NSAIDs. It is unknown if such differences are clinically important in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of what is currently known-and what is not known-about the use of NSAIDs in the setting of COVID-19. Methods The body of literature is large and new reports, case studies, clinical studies, and commentaries appear daily. The authors used the PubMed database of the National Institutes of Medicine to search for keywords 'COVID' plus 'NSAID,' 'ibuprofen,' and 'naproxen.' Some of our authors are frontline clinicians in and outside of the United States who brought their expertise to the discussion. Selected articles were obtained and their bibliographies searched for other relevant material. Content was synthesized but it must be noted that there are no large randomized clinical trials investigating the question of NSAIDs but there are emerging reports. Information about COVID-19 is changing rapidly, even daily. This was a qualitative narrative review. The content was reviewed, discussed among the authors, and synthesized. Results The inflammatory cascade or cytokine storm, known to play a role in worse outcomes in influenza,1 is associated in COVID-19 with tissue injury, morbidity, and mortality.2 In diseases associated with coronaviruses, such as Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), the marked increase in inflammatory cytokines parallels a rapid replication of the virus resulting in lung injury and potentially life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome.3 Early evaluations of COVID-19 patients suggest similarly high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines along the lines of MERS and SARS.3 As cytokine storm likely plays a major role in adverse outcomes of severely ill COVID-19 patients, the role of anti-inflammatories ranging from NSAIDs to glucocorticoids to hydroxychloroquine and others would seem beneficial in an effort to reduce inflammation before it overwhelms the body's systems. The role of NSAIDs in viral infections of other kinds has been controversial.4 Anti-inflammatory therapy for influenza may be associated with certain drawbacks. The use of an antiinflammatory might potentially slow viral elimination and elevate the risk of a secondary infection. While an antiinflammatory can reduce inflammation, it may have limited or poorly understood effect on cytokine storm, which involves multiple cytokines and complex interactions. One argument against the use of NSAIDs and also acetaminophen is that these are antipyretic drugs that may mask a rising fever associated with COVID-19 and thus delay diagnosis and rapid management of the infection.5 There is no evidence that the occasional use of an oral, over-the-counter NSAID for a few days by a person with suspected or diagnosed mild COVID-19 infection will exacerbate the infection. Second, there is no reason to think that patients taking prescribed NSAIDs for a chronic painful condition should stop taking this drug for fear it might increase their risk of contracting COVID-19 or exacerbate it if they get it.6 The confusion about NSAIDs arises mainly because prostaglandin production is complex and can both promote and inhibit inflammatory processes. As with other analgesics, there are considerations with NSAIDs which should be taken at the lowest effective doses for the shortest periods of time. The Expert Working Group of the Commission on Human Medici es in the United Kingdom has issued a statement that there is 'currently insufficient evidence to establisha link between the use of ibuprofen and susceptible to contracting COVID-19 or the worsening of its symptoms.'7 Conclusions To date there is no evidence in favor or disputing the use of NSAIDs in COVID-19. Indeed, any blanket 'for' or 'against' statement on this topic would not be clinically realistic or prudent.
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Purpose In the past hundred years, the world has faced four distinctly different pandemics: the Spanish flu of 1918-1919, the SARS pandemic of 2003, the H1N1 or 'swine flu' pandemic of 2012, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Each public health crisis exposed specific systemic shortfalls and provided public health lessons for future events. The Spanish flu revealed a nursing shortage and led to a great appreciation of nursing as a profession. SARS showed the importance of having frontline clinicians be able to work with regulators and those producing guidelines. H1N1 raised questions about the nature of a global organization such as the World Health Organization (WHO) in terms of the benefits and potential disadvantages of leading the fight against a long-term global public health threat. In the era of COVID-19, it seems apparent that we are learning about both the blessing and curse of social media. The authors did not include the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) among the pandemics although it is sometimes described as a pandemic. It began in 2014 and cases have been reported every year since then, but usually in a geographically limited area and never more than 500 per year. Methods This was a commentary. The authors used the PubMed database to search for keywords relating to Spanish flu, SARS, H1N1, and COVID-19 and reviewed primarily articles that discussed the management and public health ramifications of these pandemics. The information was synthesized and presented in light of what was learned in each pandemic that carried forward or failed to carry forward to aid us in future crises. Results Each pandemic brought to light deficiencies and shortfalls in the healthcare system and the opportunity to create better systems to manage these emerging illnesses. Following the Spanish flu pandemic, educational pathways in the United States were set up to allow people to become licensed as a practical nurse and the clinical role of nurses was better defined. One lesson learned in SARS was the life-saving role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with severe respiratory illness. In 2007, the International Health Regulations had gone into effect, which was an official attempt to codify lessons learned from SARS in terms of connecting front-line clinicians with politicians, regulators, and other public health authorities. The H1N1 pandemic highlighted limitations with the capabilities and authority of the WHO. While WHO has demonstrated great ability and dexterity in managing short-term health crises, the long-term management of a severe pandemic may exceed the competence and financial strength of any global organization. COVID-19 occurred in the post-television era where most people obtain news from online platforms. On one hand, social media allowed rapid dissemination of basic strategies to prevent COVID-19, however, misleading and false information also emerged. WHO labeled it an 'infodemic' that paralleled the pandemic. Conclusions Each of these four pandemics has had a devastating effect but has also left us with lessons to learn that may blunt or even prevent future disasters. The Spanish flu exposed a shortage of trained nurses that has since been largely remedied. The SARS epidemic drove home the fact that ECMO could be lifesaving in selected cases. Guidance is often urgently needed not just from experts but from front-line clinicians. In the H1N1 pandemic, the role of WHO in pandemic care was highlighted and certain key questions emerged about how well one global organization can manage a long-term pandemic. Today, in COVID-19 the role of 'viral' media in the context of a viral pandemic will no doubt fuel many later studies.